第292集线上问题排查思路架构实战：问题定位、根因分析与企业级故障排查解决方案

前言

线上问题排查作为架构师的核心技能之一，直接影响着系统的稳定性和用户体验。通过系统化的问题排查思路，掌握高效的故障定位方法，能够快速识别问题根因，制定有效的解决方案，确保企业级应用的高可用性。本文从问题排查思路到根因分析，从基础方法到企业级实践，系统梳理线上问题排查的完整解决方案。

一、线上问题排查整体思路

1.1 问题排查流程架构

1.2 问题分类与优先级

/**
 * 线上问题分类与优先级管理
 */
@Component
public class ProblemClassificationService {

    /**
     * 问题严重程度枚举
     */
    public enum Severity {
        CRITICAL(1, "严重", "系统完全不可用"),
        HIGH(2, "高", "核心功能不可用"),
        MEDIUM(3, "中", "部分功能受影响"),
        LOW(4, "低", "轻微影响用户体验");

        private final int level;
        private final String name;
        private final String description;

        Severity(int level, String name, String description) {
            this.level = level;
            this.name = name;
            this.description = description;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 问题类型枚举
     */
    public enum ProblemType {
        PERFORMANCE("性能问题", "响应时间慢、吞吐量低"),
        AVAILABILITY("可用性问题", "服务不可用、宕机"),
        DATA("数据问题", "数据丢失、数据不一致"),
        SECURITY("安全问题", "安全漏洞、权限问题"),
        FUNCTIONAL("功能问题", "业务逻辑错误、功能异常");

        private final String name;
        private final String description;

        ProblemType(String name, String description) {
            this.name = name;
            this.description = description;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 问题分类
     */
    public ProblemClassification classifyProblem(ProblemReport report) {
        ProblemClassification classification = new ProblemClassification();

        // 1. 确定问题类型
        ProblemType type = determineProblemType(report);
        classification.setType(type);

        // 2. 评估严重程度
        Severity severity = assessSeverity(report);
        classification.setSeverity(severity);

        // 3. 计算影响范围
        ImpactScope impactScope = calculateImpactScope(report);
        classification.setImpactScope(impactScope);

        // 4. 确定处理优先级
        int priority = calculatePriority(type, severity, impactScope);
        classification.setPriority(priority);

        return classification;
    }

    /**
     * 确定问题类型
     */
    private ProblemType determineProblemType(ProblemReport report) {
        String description = report.getDescription().toLowerCase();

        if (description.contains("慢") || description.contains("timeout") || 
            description.contains("性能")) {
            return ProblemType.PERFORMANCE;
        } else if (description.contains("不可用") || description.contains("down") || 
                   description.contains("宕机")) {
            return ProblemType.AVAILABILITY;
        } else if (description.contains("数据") || description.contains("丢失") || 
                   description.contains("不一致")) {
            return ProblemType.DATA;
        } else if (description.contains("安全") || description.contains("权限") || 
                   description.contains("漏洞")) {
            return ProblemType.SECURITY;
        } else {
            return ProblemType.FUNCTIONAL;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 评估严重程度
     */
    private Severity assessSeverity(ProblemReport report) {
        // 根据影响用户数、业务指标等评估
        int affectedUsers = report.getAffectedUsers();
        double businessImpact = report.getBusinessImpact();

        if (affectedUsers > 10000 || businessImpact > 0.8) {
            return Severity.CRITICAL;
        } else if (affectedUsers > 1000 || businessImpact > 0.5) {
            return Severity.HIGH;
        } else if (affectedUsers > 100 || businessImpact > 0.2) {
            return Severity.MEDIUM;
        } else {
            return Severity.LOW;
        }
    }
}

二、问题定位方法论

2.1 系统化问题定位流程

/**
 * 系统化问题定位服务
 */
@Service
public class ProblemLocationService {

    @Autowired
    private LogAnalysisService logAnalysisService;

    @Autowired
    private PerformanceMonitorService performanceMonitorService;

    @Autowired
    private TraceAnalysisService traceAnalysisService;

    @Autowired
    private SystemMetricsService systemMetricsService;

    /**
     * 执行问题定位
     */
    public ProblemLocationResult locateProblem(ProblemReport report) {
        ProblemLocationResult result = new ProblemLocationResult();

        try {
            // 1. 收集基础信息
            ProblemContext context = collectProblemContext(report);
            result.setContext(context);

            // 2. 分析日志
            LogAnalysisResult logResult = analyzeLogs(context);
            result.setLogAnalysis(logResult);

            // 3. 分析性能指标
            PerformanceAnalysisResult perfResult = analyzePerformance(context);
            result.setPerformanceAnalysis(perfResult);

            // 4. 分析链路追踪
            TraceAnalysisResult traceResult = analyzeTraces(context);
            result.setTraceAnalysis(traceResult);

            // 5. 分析系统指标
            SystemMetricsResult metricsResult = analyzeSystemMetrics(context);
            result.setSystemMetrics(metricsResult);

            // 6. 综合分析定位问题
            ProblemLocation location = synthesizeAnalysis(result);
            result.setLocation(location);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("问题定位失败", e);
            throw new ProblemLocationException("问题定位失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 收集问题上下文
     */
    private ProblemContext collectProblemContext(ProblemReport report) {
        ProblemContext context = new ProblemContext();

        // 收集时间范围
        context.setTimeRange(report.getTimeRange());

        // 收集影响范围
        context.setAffectedServices(report.getAffectedServices());
        context.setAffectedUsers(report.getAffectedUsers());

        // 收集环境信息
        context.setEnvironment(report.getEnvironment());
        context.setVersion(report.getVersion());

        // 收集业务指标
        context.setBusinessMetrics(report.getBusinessMetrics());

        return context;
    }

    /**
     * 分析日志
     */
    private LogAnalysisResult analyzeLogs(ProblemContext context) {
        LogAnalysisResult result = new LogAnalysisResult();

        try {
            // 1. 收集相关日志
            List<LogEntry> logs = logAnalysisService.collectLogs(context);
            result.setLogs(logs);

            // 2. 分析错误日志
            List<ErrorLog> errorLogs = logAnalysisService.extractErrors(logs);
            result.setErrorLogs(errorLogs);

            // 3. 分析异常模式
            List<ExceptionPattern> patterns = logAnalysisService.analyzePatterns(errorLogs);
            result.setExceptionPatterns(patterns);

            // 4. 分析日志趋势
            LogTrend trend = logAnalysisService.analyzeTrend(logs);
            result.setTrend(trend);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("日志分析失败", e);
            return new LogAnalysisResult();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析性能指标
     */
    private PerformanceAnalysisResult analyzePerformance(ProblemContext context) {
        PerformanceAnalysisResult result = new PerformanceAnalysisResult();

        try {
            // 1. 分析响应时间
            ResponseTimeAnalysis responseTime = 
                performanceMonitorService.analyzeResponseTime(context);
            result.setResponseTime(responseTime);

            // 2. 分析吞吐量
            ThroughputAnalysis throughput = 
                performanceMonitorService.analyzeThroughput(context);
            result.setThroughput(throughput);

            // 3. 分析资源使用率
            ResourceUsageAnalysis resourceUsage = 
                performanceMonitorService.analyzeResourceUsage(context);
            result.setResourceUsage(resourceUsage);

            // 4. 分析性能瓶颈
            List<PerformanceBottleneck> bottlenecks = 
                performanceMonitorService.identifyBottlenecks(context);
            result.setBottlenecks(bottlenecks);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("性能分析失败", e);
            return new PerformanceAnalysisResult();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析链路追踪
     */
    private TraceAnalysisResult analyzeTraces(ProblemContext context) {
        TraceAnalysisResult result = new TraceAnalysisResult();

        try {
            // 1. 收集相关链路
            List<Trace> traces = traceAnalysisService.collectTraces(context);
            result.setTraces(traces);

            // 2. 分析链路性能
            TracePerformanceAnalysis tracePerf = 
                traceAnalysisService.analyzePerformance(traces);
            result.setTracePerformance(tracePerf);

            // 3. 分析异常链路
            List<AbnormalTrace> abnormalTraces = 
                traceAnalysisService.identifyAbnormalTraces(traces);
            result.setAbnormalTraces(abnormalTraces);

            // 4. 分析调用链
            CallChainAnalysis callChain = 
                traceAnalysisService.analyzeCallChain(traces);
            result.setCallChain(callChain);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("链路分析失败", e);
            return new TraceAnalysisResult();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 综合分析定位问题
     */
    private ProblemLocation synthesizeAnalysis(ProblemLocationResult result) {
        ProblemLocation location = new ProblemLocation();

        // 1. 基于日志分析定位
        if (result.getLogAnalysis().hasErrors()) {
            location.addEvidence("日志错误", result.getLogAnalysis().getErrorLogs());
        }

        // 2. 基于性能分析定位
        if (result.getPerformanceAnalysis().hasBottlenecks()) {
            location.addEvidence("性能瓶颈", result.getPerformanceAnalysis().getBottlenecks());
        }

        // 3. 基于链路分析定位
        if (result.getTraceAnalysis().hasAbnormalTraces()) {
            location.addEvidence("异常链路", result.getTraceAnalysis().getAbnormalTraces());
        }

        // 4. 基于系统指标定位
        if (result.getSystemMetrics().hasAnomalies()) {
            location.addEvidence("系统异常", result.getSystemMetrics().getAnomalies());
        }

        // 5. 综合判断问题位置
        location.setProbableCause(determineProbableCause(location));
        location.setConfidence(calculateConfidence(location));

        return location;
    }
}

2.2 日志分析策略

/**
 * 日志分析服务
 */
@Service
public class LogAnalysisService {

    @Autowired
    private LogRepository logRepository;

    @Autowired
    private LogParserService logParserService;

    /**
     * 收集相关日志
     */
    public List<LogEntry> collectLogs(ProblemContext context) {
        try {
            // 1. 构建查询条件
            LogQuery query = buildLogQuery(context);

            // 2. 执行日志查询
            List<LogEntry> logs = logRepository.queryLogs(query);

            // 3. 过滤和排序
            logs = filterAndSortLogs(logs, context);

            return logs;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("日志收集失败", e);
            return new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 构建日志查询条件
     */
    private LogQuery buildLogQuery(ProblemContext context) {
        LogQuery query = new LogQuery();

        // 时间范围
        query.setStartTime(context.getTimeRange().getStartTime());
        query.setEndTime(context.getTimeRange().getEndTime());

        // 服务范围
        query.setServices(context.getAffectedServices());

        // 日志级别
        query.setLevels(Arrays.asList("ERROR", "WARN", "FATAL"));

        // 关键词
        if (context.getKeywords() != null) {
            query.setKeywords(context.getKeywords());
        }

        return query;
    }

    /**
     * 提取错误日志
     */
    public List<ErrorLog> extractErrors(List<LogEntry> logs) {
        return logs.stream()
            .filter(log -> log.getLevel().equals("ERROR") || log.getLevel().equals("FATAL"))
            .map(this::parseErrorLog)
            .filter(Objects::nonNull)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    /**
     * 解析错误日志
     */
    private ErrorLog parseErrorLog(LogEntry log) {
        try {
            ErrorLog errorLog = new ErrorLog();
            errorLog.setTimestamp(log.getTimestamp());
            errorLog.setService(log.getService());
            errorLog.setMessage(log.getMessage());
            errorLog.setStackTrace(log.getStackTrace());

            // 解析异常类型
            String exceptionType = extractExceptionType(log.getMessage());
            errorLog.setExceptionType(exceptionType);

            // 解析异常信息
            String exceptionMessage = extractExceptionMessage(log.getMessage());
            errorLog.setExceptionMessage(exceptionMessage);

            return errorLog;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn("解析错误日志失败: {}", log.getMessage());
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析异常模式
     */
    public List<ExceptionPattern> analyzePatterns(List<ErrorLog> errorLogs) {
        Map<String, List<ErrorLog>> groupedErrors = errorLogs.stream()
            .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(ErrorLog::getExceptionType));

        List<ExceptionPattern> patterns = new ArrayList<>();

        for (Map.Entry<String, List<ErrorLog>> entry : groupedErrors.entrySet()) {
            String exceptionType = entry.getKey();
            List<ErrorLog> errors = entry.getValue();

            ExceptionPattern pattern = new ExceptionPattern();
            pattern.setExceptionType(exceptionType);
            pattern.setCount(errors.size());
            pattern.setFirstOccurrence(errors.get(0).getTimestamp());
            pattern.setLastOccurrence(errors.get(errors.size() - 1).getTimestamp());

            // 分析异常频率
            pattern.setFrequency(calculateFrequency(errors));

            // 分析异常趋势
            pattern.setTrend(analyzeTrend(errors));

            patterns.add(pattern);
        }

        return patterns.stream()
            .sorted((p1, p2) -> Integer.compare(p2.getCount(), p1.getCount()))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    /**
     * 分析日志趋势
     */
    public LogTrend analyzeTrend(List<LogEntry> logs) {
        LogTrend trend = new LogTrend();

        // 按时间分组统计
        Map<String, Long> timeGroupedCounts = logs.stream()
            .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(
                log -> formatTimeGroup(log.getTimestamp()),
                Collectors.counting()
            ));

        trend.setTimeGroupedCounts(timeGroupedCounts);

        // 计算趋势
        trend.setTrendDirection(calculateTrendDirection(timeGroupedCounts));
        trend.setTrendStrength(calculateTrendStrength(timeGroupedCounts));

        return trend;
    }

    /**
     * 计算异常频率
     */
    private double calculateFrequency(List<ErrorLog> errors) {
        if (errors.size() < 2) {
            return 0.0;
        }

        long timeSpan = errors.get(errors.size() - 1).getTimestamp().getTime() - 
                       errors.get(0).getTimestamp().getTime();

        return (double) errors.size() / (timeSpan / 60000.0); // 每分钟频率
    }

    /**
     * 分析异常趋势
     */
    private TrendDirection analyzeTrend(List<ErrorLog> errors) {
        if (errors.size() < 3) {
            return TrendDirection.STABLE;
        }

        // 简单趋势分析：比较前半段和后半段的频率
        int mid = errors.size() / 2;
        double firstHalfFreq = calculateFrequency(errors.subList(0, mid));
        double secondHalfFreq = calculateFrequency(errors.subList(mid, errors.size()));

        if (secondHalfFreq > firstHalfFreq * 1.2) {
            return TrendDirection.INCREASING;
        } else if (secondHalfFreq < firstHalfFreq * 0.8) {
            return TrendDirection.DECREASING;
        } else {
            return TrendDirection.STABLE;
        }
    }
}

三、性能问题排查

3.1 性能监控与分析

/**
 * 性能监控分析服务
 */
@Service
public class PerformanceMonitorService {

    @Autowired
    private MetricsCollector metricsCollector;

    @Autowired
    private PerformanceAnalyzer performanceAnalyzer;

    /**
     * 分析响应时间
     */
    public ResponseTimeAnalysis analyzeResponseTime(ProblemContext context) {
        ResponseTimeAnalysis analysis = new ResponseTimeAnalysis();

        try {
            // 1. 收集响应时间数据
            List<ResponseTimeMetric> metrics = 
                metricsCollector.collectResponseTimeMetrics(context);

            // 2. 计算统计指标
            ResponseTimeStats stats = calculateResponseTimeStats(metrics);
            analysis.setStats(stats);

            // 3. 分析响应时间分布
            ResponseTimeDistribution distribution = 
                analyzeResponseTimeDistribution(metrics);
            analysis.setDistribution(distribution);

            // 4. 识别异常响应时间
            List<ResponseTimeAnomaly> anomalies = 
                identifyResponseTimeAnomalies(metrics);
            analysis.setAnomalies(anomalies);

            // 5. 分析响应时间趋势
            ResponseTimeTrend trend = analyzeResponseTimeTrend(metrics);
            analysis.setTrend(trend);

            return analysis;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("响应时间分析失败", e);
            return new ResponseTimeAnalysis();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析吞吐量
     */
    public ThroughputAnalysis analyzeThroughput(ProblemContext context) {
        ThroughputAnalysis analysis = new ThroughputAnalysis();

        try {
            // 1. 收集吞吐量数据
            List<ThroughputMetric> metrics = 
                metricsCollector.collectThroughputMetrics(context);

            // 2. 计算吞吐量统计
            ThroughputStats stats = calculateThroughputStats(metrics);
            analysis.setStats(stats);

            // 3. 分析吞吐量趋势
            ThroughputTrend trend = analyzeThroughputTrend(metrics);
            analysis.setTrend(trend);

            // 4. 识别吞吐量瓶颈
            List<ThroughputBottleneck> bottlenecks = 
                identifyThroughputBottlenecks(metrics);
            analysis.setBottlenecks(bottlenecks);

            return analysis;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("吞吐量分析失败", e);
            return new ThroughputAnalysis();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析资源使用率
     */
    public ResourceUsageAnalysis analyzeResourceUsage(ProblemContext context) {
        ResourceUsageAnalysis analysis = new ResourceUsageAnalysis();

        try {
            // 1. 收集CPU使用率
            List<CpuMetric> cpuMetrics = 
                metricsCollector.collectCpuMetrics(context);
            analysis.setCpuUsage(analyzeCpuUsage(cpuMetrics));

            // 2. 收集内存使用率
            List<MemoryMetric> memoryMetrics = 
                metricsCollector.collectMemoryMetrics(context);
            analysis.setMemoryUsage(analyzeMemoryUsage(memoryMetrics));

            // 3. 收集磁盘使用率
            List<DiskMetric> diskMetrics = 
                metricsCollector.collectDiskMetrics(context);
            analysis.setDiskUsage(analyzeDiskUsage(diskMetrics));

            // 4. 收集网络使用率
            List<NetworkMetric> networkMetrics = 
                metricsCollector.collectNetworkMetrics(context);
            analysis.setNetworkUsage(analyzeNetworkUsage(networkMetrics));

            // 5. 分析资源瓶颈
            List<ResourceBottleneck> bottlenecks = 
                identifyResourceBottlenecks(analysis);
            analysis.setBottlenecks(bottlenecks);

            return analysis;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("资源使用率分析失败", e);
            return new ResourceUsageAnalysis();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 识别性能瓶颈
     */
    public List<PerformanceBottleneck> identifyBottlenecks(ProblemContext context) {
        List<PerformanceBottleneck> bottlenecks = new ArrayList<>();

        try {
            // 1. 分析响应时间瓶颈
            ResponseTimeAnalysis responseTimeAnalysis = analyzeResponseTime(context);
            if (responseTimeAnalysis.hasBottlenecks()) {
                bottlenecks.addAll(responseTimeAnalysis.getBottlenecks());
            }

            // 2. 分析吞吐量瓶颈
            ThroughputAnalysis throughputAnalysis = analyzeThroughput(context);
            if (throughputAnalysis.hasBottlenecks()) {
                bottlenecks.addAll(throughputAnalysis.getBottlenecks());
            }

            // 3. 分析资源瓶颈
            ResourceUsageAnalysis resourceAnalysis = analyzeResourceUsage(context);
            if (resourceAnalysis.hasBottlenecks()) {
                bottlenecks.addAll(resourceAnalysis.getBottlenecks());
            }

            // 4. 分析数据库瓶颈
            List<DatabaseBottleneck> dbBottlenecks = identifyDatabaseBottlenecks(context);
            bottlenecks.addAll(dbBottlenecks);

            // 5. 分析缓存瓶颈
            List<CacheBottleneck> cacheBottlenecks = identifyCacheBottlenecks(context);
            bottlenecks.addAll(cacheBottlenecks);

            return bottlenecks.stream()
                .sorted((b1, b2) -> Double.compare(b2.getImpact(), b1.getImpact()))
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("性能瓶颈识别失败", e);
            return new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 计算响应时间统计
     */
    private ResponseTimeStats calculateResponseTimeStats(List<ResponseTimeMetric> metrics) {
        ResponseTimeStats stats = new ResponseTimeStats();

        if (metrics.isEmpty()) {
            return stats;
        }

        // 计算基础统计
        List<Double> responseTimes = metrics.stream()
            .map(ResponseTimeMetric::getResponseTime)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

        stats.setMin(Collections.min(responseTimes));
        stats.setMax(Collections.max(responseTimes));
        stats.setAverage(responseTimes.stream().mapToDouble(Double::doubleValue).average().orElse(0.0));

        // 计算百分位数
        Collections.sort(responseTimes);
        stats.setP50(calculatePercentile(responseTimes, 50));
        stats.setP90(calculatePercentile(responseTimes, 90));
        stats.setP95(calculatePercentile(responseTimes, 95));
        stats.setP99(calculatePercentile(responseTimes, 99));

        // 计算标准差
        double variance = responseTimes.stream()
            .mapToDouble(rt -> Math.pow(rt - stats.getAverage(), 2))
            .average().orElse(0.0);
        stats.setStandardDeviation(Math.sqrt(variance));

        return stats;
    }

    /**
     * 计算百分位数
     */
    private double calculatePercentile(List<Double> sortedValues, int percentile) {
        int index = (int) Math.ceil((percentile / 100.0) * sortedValues.size()) - 1;
        return sortedValues.get(Math.max(0, index));
    }
}

3.2 数据库性能排查

/**
 * 数据库性能排查服务
 */
@Service
public class DatabasePerformanceService {

    @Autowired
    private DatabaseMetricsCollector dbMetricsCollector;

    @Autowired
    private QueryAnalyzer queryAnalyzer;

    /**
     * 分析数据库性能问题
     */
    public DatabasePerformanceAnalysis analyzeDatabasePerformance(ProblemContext context) {
        DatabasePerformanceAnalysis analysis = new DatabasePerformanceAnalysis();

        try {
            // 1. 收集数据库连接信息
            DatabaseConnectionInfo connectionInfo = 
                dbMetricsCollector.collectConnectionInfo(context);
            analysis.setConnectionInfo(connectionInfo);

            // 2. 分析慢查询
            List<SlowQuery> slowQueries = 
                dbMetricsCollector.collectSlowQueries(context);
            analysis.setSlowQueries(slowQueries);

            // 3. 分析锁等待
            List<LockWait> lockWaits = 
                dbMetricsCollector.collectLockWaits(context);
            analysis.setLockWaits(lockWaits);

            // 4. 分析死锁
            List<Deadlock> deadlocks = 
                dbMetricsCollector.collectDeadlocks(context);
            analysis.setDeadlocks(deadlocks);

            // 5. 分析表锁
            List<TableLock> tableLocks = 
                dbMetricsCollector.collectTableLocks(context);
            analysis.setTableLocks(tableLocks);

            // 6. 分析索引使用情况
            List<IndexUsage> indexUsages = 
                dbMetricsCollector.collectIndexUsage(context);
            analysis.setIndexUsages(indexUsages);

            // 7. 分析数据库瓶颈
            List<DatabaseBottleneck> bottlenecks = 
                identifyDatabaseBottlenecks(analysis);
            analysis.setBottlenecks(bottlenecks);

            return analysis;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("数据库性能分析失败", e);
            return new DatabasePerformanceAnalysis();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析慢查询
     */
    public SlowQueryAnalysis analyzeSlowQueries(List<SlowQuery> slowQueries) {
        SlowQueryAnalysis analysis = new SlowQueryAnalysis();

        try {
            // 1. 按查询语句分组
            Map<String, List<SlowQuery>> groupedQueries = slowQueries.stream()
                .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(SlowQuery::getQueryHash));

            // 2. 分析每个查询的性能
            List<QueryPerformance> queryPerformances = new ArrayList<>();
            for (Map.Entry<String, List<SlowQuery>> entry : groupedQueries.entrySet()) {
                String queryHash = entry.getKey();
                List<SlowQuery> queries = entry.getValue();

                QueryPerformance performance = analyzeQueryPerformance(queryHash, queries);
                queryPerformances.add(performance);
            }

            analysis.setQueryPerformances(queryPerformances);

            // 3. 识别最慢的查询
            QueryPerformance slowestQuery = queryPerformances.stream()
                .max(Comparator.comparing(QueryPerformance::getAverageExecutionTime))
                .orElse(null);
            analysis.setSlowestQuery(slowestQuery);

            // 4. 分析查询趋势
            QueryTrend trend = analyzeQueryTrend(slowQueries);
            analysis.setTrend(trend);

            return analysis;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("慢查询分析失败", e);
            return new SlowQueryAnalysis();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析查询性能
     */
    private QueryPerformance analyzeQueryPerformance(String queryHash, List<SlowQuery> queries) {
        QueryPerformance performance = new QueryPerformance();

        // 基础信息
        SlowQuery firstQuery = queries.get(0);
        performance.setQueryHash(queryHash);
        performance.setQueryText(firstQuery.getQueryText());
        performance.setExecutionCount(queries.size());

        // 执行时间统计
        List<Long> executionTimes = queries.stream()
            .map(SlowQuery::getExecutionTime)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

        performance.setMinExecutionTime(Collections.min(executionTimes));
        performance.setMaxExecutionTime(Collections.max(executionTimes));
        performance.setAverageExecutionTime(executionTimes.stream().mapToLong(Long::longValue).average().orElse(0.0));

        // 锁定时间统计
        List<Long> lockTimes = queries.stream()
            .map(SlowQuery::getLockTime)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

        performance.setMinLockTime(Collections.min(lockTimes));
        performance.setMaxLockTime(Collections.max(lockTimes));
        performance.setAverageLockTime(lockTimes.stream().mapToLong(Long::longValue).average().orElse(0.0));

        // 行数统计
        List<Long> rowsExamined = queries.stream()
            .map(SlowQuery::getRowsExamined)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

        performance.setMinRowsExamined(Collections.min(rowsExamined));
        performance.setMaxRowsExamined(Collections.max(rowsExamined));
        performance.setAverageRowsExamined(rowsExamined.stream().mapToLong(Long::longValue).average().orElse(0.0));

        // 分析查询计划
        QueryPlanAnalysis planAnalysis = queryAnalyzer.analyzeQueryPlan(firstQuery.getQueryText());
        performance.setPlanAnalysis(planAnalysis);

        return performance;
    }

    /**
     * 识别数据库瓶颈
     */
    private List<DatabaseBottleneck> identifyDatabaseBottlenecks(DatabasePerformanceAnalysis analysis) {
        List<DatabaseBottleneck> bottlenecks = new ArrayList<>();

        // 1. 连接数瓶颈
        if (analysis.getConnectionInfo().getActiveConnections() > 
            analysis.getConnectionInfo().getMaxConnections() * 0.8) {
            DatabaseBottleneck bottleneck = new DatabaseBottleneck();
            bottleneck.setType(BottleneckType.CONNECTION_POOL);
            bottleneck.setDescription("数据库连接池使用率过高");
            bottleneck.setImpact(0.8);
            bottlenecks.add(bottleneck);
        }

        // 2. 慢查询瓶颈
        if (!analysis.getSlowQueries().isEmpty()) {
            DatabaseBottleneck bottleneck = new DatabaseBottleneck();
            bottleneck.setType(BottleneckType.SLOW_QUERY);
            bottleneck.setDescription("存在大量慢查询");
            bottleneck.setImpact(0.7);
            bottlenecks.add(bottleneck);
        }

        // 3. 锁等待瓶颈
        if (!analysis.getLockWaits().isEmpty()) {
            DatabaseBottleneck bottleneck = new DatabaseBottleneck();
            bottleneck.setType(BottleneckType.LOCK_WAIT);
            bottleneck.setDescription("存在锁等待问题");
            bottleneck.setImpact(0.6);
            bottlenecks.add(bottleneck);
        }

        // 4. 死锁瓶颈
        if (!analysis.getDeadlocks().isEmpty()) {
            DatabaseBottleneck bottleneck = new DatabaseBottleneck();
            bottleneck.setType(BottleneckType.DEADLOCK);
            bottleneck.setDescription("存在死锁问题");
            bottleneck.setImpact(0.9);
            bottlenecks.add(bottleneck);
        }

        return bottlenecks;
    }
}

四、根因分析方法

4.1 5Why分析法

/**
 * 5Why根因分析服务
 */
@Service
public class FiveWhyAnalysisService {

    /**
     * 执行5Why分析
     */
    public FiveWhyAnalysisResult performFiveWhyAnalysis(ProblemReport report) {
        FiveWhyAnalysisResult result = new FiveWhyAnalysisResult();

        try {
            // 1. 构建问题树
            ProblemTree problemTree = buildProblemTree(report);
            result.setProblemTree(problemTree);

            // 2. 执行5Why分析
            List<WhyAnalysis> whyAnalyses = performWhyAnalysis(problemTree);
            result.setWhyAnalyses(whyAnalyses);

            // 3. 识别根因
            List<RootCause> rootCauses = identifyRootCauses(whyAnalyses);
            result.setRootCauses(rootCauses);

            // 4. 验证根因
            List<RootCauseValidation> validations = validateRootCauses(rootCauses, report);
            result.setValidations(validations);

            // 5. 生成分析报告
            FiveWhyReport analysisReport = generateAnalysisReport(result);
            result.setReport(analysisReport);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("5Why分析失败", e);
            throw new FiveWhyAnalysisException("5Why分析失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 构建问题树
     */
    private ProblemTree buildProblemTree(ProblemReport report) {
        ProblemTree tree = new ProblemTree();

        // 根节点：问题现象
        ProblemNode rootNode = new ProblemNode();
        rootNode.setLevel(0);
        rootNode.setDescription(report.getDescription());
        rootNode.setType(NodeType.PROBLEM_SYMPTOM);

        tree.setRootNode(rootNode);

        // 构建子问题节点
        List<ProblemNode> childNodes = buildChildNodes(rootNode, report);
        rootNode.setChildren(childNodes);

        return tree;
    }

    /**
     * 构建子问题节点
     */
    private List<ProblemNode> buildChildNodes(ProblemNode parentNode, ProblemReport report) {
        List<ProblemNode> childNodes = new ArrayList<>();

        // 基于问题类型构建子节点
        switch (report.getType()) {
            case PERFORMANCE:
                childNodes.addAll(buildPerformanceChildNodes(parentNode, report));
                break;
            case AVAILABILITY:
                childNodes.addAll(buildAvailabilityChildNodes(parentNode, report));
                break;
            case DATA:
                childNodes.addAll(buildDataChildNodes(parentNode, report));
                break;
            case SECURITY:
                childNodes.addAll(buildSecurityChildNodes(parentNode, report));
                break;
            case FUNCTIONAL:
                childNodes.addAll(buildFunctionalChildNodes(parentNode, report));
                break;
        }

        return childNodes;
    }

    /**
     * 构建性能问题子节点
     */
    private List<ProblemNode> buildPerformanceChildNodes(ProblemNode parentNode, ProblemReport report) {
        List<ProblemNode> childNodes = new ArrayList<>();

        // 响应时间问题
        ProblemNode responseTimeNode = new ProblemNode();
        responseTimeNode.setLevel(parentNode.getLevel() + 1);
        responseTimeNode.setDescription("响应时间过长");
        responseTimeNode.setType(NodeType.PERFORMANCE_ISSUE);
        childNodes.add(responseTimeNode);

        // 吞吐量问题
        ProblemNode throughputNode = new ProblemNode();
        throughputNode.setLevel(parentNode.getLevel() + 1);
        throughputNode.setDescription("吞吐量下降");
        throughputNode.setType(NodeType.PERFORMANCE_ISSUE);
        childNodes.add(throughputNode);

        // 资源使用问题
        ProblemNode resourceNode = new ProblemNode();
        resourceNode.setLevel(parentNode.getLevel() + 1);
        resourceNode.setDescription("资源使用率过高");
        resourceNode.setType(NodeType.PERFORMANCE_ISSUE);
        childNodes.add(resourceNode);

        return childNodes;
    }

    /**
     * 执行Why分析
     */
    private List<WhyAnalysis> performWhyAnalysis(ProblemTree problemTree) {
        List<WhyAnalysis> analyses = new ArrayList<>();

        // 对每个问题节点执行5Why分析
        performWhyAnalysisRecursive(problemTree.getRootNode(), analyses);

        return analyses;
    }

    /**
     * 递归执行Why分析
     */
    private void performWhyAnalysisRecursive(ProblemNode node, List<WhyAnalysis> analyses) {
        WhyAnalysis analysis = new WhyAnalysis();
        analysis.setProblemNode(node);

        // 执行5个Why
        List<WhyQuestion> whyQuestions = new ArrayList<>();

        String currentDescription = node.getDescription();

        for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
            WhyQuestion question = new WhyQuestion();
            question.setLevel(i);
            question.setQuestion("为什么" + currentDescription + "？");

            // 基于问题类型生成可能的答案
            List<String> possibleAnswers = generatePossibleAnswers(currentDescription, node.getType());
            question.setPossibleAnswers(possibleAnswers);

            whyQuestions.add(question);

            // 选择最可能的答案作为下一个问题的基础
            if (!possibleAnswers.isEmpty()) {
                currentDescription = possibleAnswers.get(0);
            }
        }

        analysis.setWhyQuestions(whyQuestions);
        analyses.add(analysis);

        // 递归处理子节点
        for (ProblemNode childNode : node.getChildren()) {
            performWhyAnalysisRecursive(childNode, analyses);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成可能的答案
     */
    private List<String> generatePossibleAnswers(String description, NodeType nodeType) {
        List<String> answers = new ArrayList<>();

        switch (nodeType) {
            case PERFORMANCE_ISSUE:
                if (description.contains("响应时间")) {
                    answers.add("数据库查询慢");
                    answers.add("网络延迟高");
                    answers.add("CPU使用率高");
                    answers.add("内存不足");
                } else if (description.contains("吞吐量")) {
                    answers.add("系统资源不足");
                    answers.add("数据库连接池满");
                    answers.add("缓存命中率低");
                }
                break;
            case AVAILABILITY_ISSUE:
                answers.add("服务不可用");
                answers.add("网络中断");
                answers.add("硬件故障");
                answers.add("软件bug");
                break;
            case DATA_ISSUE:
                answers.add("数据不一致");
                answers.add("数据丢失");
                answers.add("数据损坏");
                break;
        }

        return answers;
    }

    /**
     * 识别根因
     */
    private List<RootCause> identifyRootCauses(List<WhyAnalysis> analyses) {
        List<RootCause> rootCauses = new ArrayList<>();

        for (WhyAnalysis analysis : analyses) {
            List<WhyQuestion> questions = analysis.getWhyQuestions();

            // 找到第5个Why的答案作为潜在根因
            if (questions.size() >= 5) {
                WhyQuestion lastQuestion = questions.get(4);

                for (String answer : lastQuestion.getPossibleAnswers()) {
                    RootCause rootCause = new RootCause();
                    rootCause.setDescription(answer);
                    rootCause.setAnalysisPath(questions);
                    rootCause.setConfidence(calculateRootCauseConfidence(analysis));
                    rootCauses.add(rootCause);
                }
            }
        }

        return rootCauses.stream()
            .sorted((r1, r2) -> Double.compare(r2.getConfidence(), r1.getConfidence()))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    /**
     * 计算根因置信度
     */
    private double calculateRootCauseConfidence(WhyAnalysis analysis) {
        // 基于分析路径的完整性和逻辑性计算置信度
        List<WhyQuestion> questions = analysis.getWhyQuestions();

        if (questions.size() < 5) {
            return 0.3; // 分析不完整
        }

        // 检查逻辑链的完整性
        double logicScore = 0.0;
        for (int i = 0; i < questions.size() - 1; i++) {
            if (isLogicalConnection(questions.get(i), questions.get(i + 1))) {
                logicScore += 0.2;
            }
        }

        return Math.min(logicScore, 1.0);
    }

    /**
     * 检查逻辑连接
     */
    private boolean isLogicalConnection(WhyQuestion question1, WhyQuestion question2) {
        // 简单的逻辑连接检查
        return question2.getQuestion().contains(question1.getPossibleAnswers().get(0));
    }
}

4.2 故障树分析

/**
 * 故障树分析服务
 */
@Service
public class FaultTreeAnalysisService {

    /**
     * 构建故障树
     */
    public FaultTree buildFaultTree(ProblemReport report) {
        FaultTree tree = new FaultTree();

        try {
            // 1. 创建顶事件
            FaultEvent topEvent = createTopEvent(report);
            tree.setTopEvent(topEvent);

            // 2. 构建中间事件
            List<FaultEvent> intermediateEvents = buildIntermediateEvents(topEvent, report);
            tree.setIntermediateEvents(intermediateEvents);

            // 3. 构建底事件
            List<FaultEvent> basicEvents = buildBasicEvents(intermediateEvents, report);
            tree.setBasicEvents(basicEvents);

            // 4. 构建逻辑门
            List<LogicGate> logicGates = buildLogicGates(tree);
            tree.setLogicGates(logicGates);

            // 5. 计算故障概率
            calculateFaultProbabilities(tree);

            return tree;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("故障树构建失败", e);
            throw new FaultTreeAnalysisException("故障树构建失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建顶事件
     */
    private FaultEvent createTopEvent(ProblemReport report) {
        FaultEvent topEvent = new FaultEvent();
        topEvent.setId("TOP_EVENT");
        topEvent.setName("系统故障");
        topEvent.setDescription(report.getDescription());
        topEvent.setType(EventType.TOP_EVENT);
        topEvent.setProbability(1.0); // 顶事件概率为1
        return topEvent;
    }

    /**
     * 构建中间事件
     */
    private List<FaultEvent> buildIntermediateEvents(FaultEvent topEvent, ProblemReport report) {
        List<FaultEvent> intermediateEvents = new ArrayList<>();

        // 基于问题类型构建中间事件
        switch (report.getType()) {
            case PERFORMANCE:
                intermediateEvents.addAll(buildPerformanceIntermediateEvents());
                break;
            case AVAILABILITY:
                intermediateEvents.addAll(buildAvailabilityIntermediateEvents());
                break;
            case DATA:
                intermediateEvents.addAll(buildDataIntermediateEvents());
                break;
            case SECURITY:
                intermediateEvents.addAll(buildSecurityIntermediateEvents());
                break;
            case FUNCTIONAL:
                intermediateEvents.addAll(buildFunctionalIntermediateEvents());
                break;
        }

        return intermediateEvents;
    }

    /**
     * 构建性能问题中间事件
     */
    private List<FaultEvent> buildPerformanceIntermediateEvents() {
        List<FaultEvent> events = new ArrayList<>();

        // 响应时间问题
        FaultEvent responseTimeEvent = new FaultEvent();
        responseTimeEvent.setId("RESPONSE_TIME_ISSUE");
        responseTimeEvent.setName("响应时间问题");
        responseTimeEvent.setDescription("系统响应时间过长");
        responseTimeEvent.setType(EventType.INTERMEDIATE_EVENT);
        events.add(responseTimeEvent);

        // 吞吐量问题
        FaultEvent throughputEvent = new FaultEvent();
        throughputEvent.setId("THROUGHPUT_ISSUE");
        throughputEvent.setName("吞吐量问题");
        throughputEvent.setDescription("系统吞吐量下降");
        throughputEvent.setType(EventType.INTERMEDIATE_EVENT);
        events.add(throughputEvent);

        // 资源使用问题
        FaultEvent resourceEvent = new FaultEvent();
        resourceEvent.setId("RESOURCE_ISSUE");
        resourceEvent.setName("资源使用问题");
        resourceEvent.setDescription("系统资源使用率过高");
        resourceEvent.setType(EventType.INTERMEDIATE_EVENT);
        events.add(resourceEvent);

        return events;
    }

    /**
     * 构建底事件
     */
    private List<FaultEvent> buildBasicEvents(List<FaultEvent> intermediateEvents, ProblemReport report) {
        List<FaultEvent> basicEvents = new ArrayList<>();

        for (FaultEvent intermediateEvent : intermediateEvents) {
            List<FaultEvent> childEvents = buildChildBasicEvents(intermediateEvent);
            basicEvents.addAll(childEvents);
        }

        return basicEvents;
    }

    /**
     * 构建子底事件
     */
    private List<FaultEvent> buildChildBasicEvents(FaultEvent parentEvent) {
        List<FaultEvent> childEvents = new ArrayList<>();

        switch (parentEvent.getId()) {
            case "RESPONSE_TIME_ISSUE":
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("DB_SLOW_QUERY", "数据库慢查询", 0.3));
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("NETWORK_LATENCY", "网络延迟", 0.2));
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("CPU_HIGH_USAGE", "CPU使用率高", 0.25));
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("MEMORY_SHORTAGE", "内存不足", 0.15));
                break;
            case "THROUGHPUT_ISSUE":
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("CONNECTION_POOL_FULL", "连接池满", 0.4));
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("CACHE_MISS", "缓存未命中", 0.3));
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("THREAD_POOL_EXHAUSTED", "线程池耗尽", 0.3));
                break;
            case "RESOURCE_ISSUE":
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("MEMORY_LEAK", "内存泄漏", 0.35));
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("CPU_INTENSIVE_TASK", "CPU密集型任务", 0.25));
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("DISK_IO_BOTTLENECK", "磁盘IO瓶颈", 0.2));
                childEvents.add(createBasicEvent("NETWORK_BANDWIDTH", "网络带宽不足", 0.2));
                break;
        }

        return childEvents;
    }

    /**
     * 创建底事件
     */
    private FaultEvent createBasicEvent(String id, String name, double probability) {
        FaultEvent event = new FaultEvent();
        event.setId(id);
        event.setName(name);
        event.setDescription(name);
        event.setType(EventType.BASIC_EVENT);
        event.setProbability(probability);
        return event;
    }

    /**
     * 构建逻辑门
     */
    private List<LogicGate> buildLogicGates(FaultTree tree) {
        List<LogicGate> gates = new ArrayList<>();

        // 顶事件与中间事件的逻辑门
        LogicGate topGate = new LogicGate();
        topGate.setId("TOP_GATE");
        topGate.setType(GateType.OR);
        topGate.setInputEvents(tree.getIntermediateEvents());
        topGate.setOutputEvent(tree.getTopEvent());
        gates.add(topGate);

        // 中间事件与底事件的逻辑门
        for (FaultEvent intermediateEvent : tree.getIntermediateEvents()) {
            List<FaultEvent> childEvents = getChildEvents(intermediateEvent, tree.getBasicEvents());

            LogicGate gate = new LogicGate();
            gate.setId(intermediateEvent.getId() + "_GATE");
            gate.setType(GateType.OR);
            gate.setInputEvents(childEvents);
            gate.setOutputEvent(intermediateEvent);
            gates.add(gate);
        }

        return gates;
    }

    /**
     * 计算故障概率
     */
    private void calculateFaultProbabilities(FaultTree tree) {
        // 从底事件开始，向上计算概率
        for (LogicGate gate : tree.getLogicGates()) {
            double probability = calculateGateProbability(gate);
            gate.getOutputEvent().setProbability(probability);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 计算逻辑门概率
     */
    private double calculateGateProbability(LogicGate gate) {
        switch (gate.getType()) {
            case OR:
                // OR门：P(A OR B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A AND B)
                return calculateOrProbability(gate.getInputEvents());
            case AND:
                // AND门：P(A AND B) = P(A) * P(B)
                return calculateAndProbability(gate.getInputEvents());
            case NOT:
                // NOT门：P(NOT A) = 1 - P(A)
                return 1.0 - gate.getInputEvents().get(0).getProbability();
            default:
                return 0.0;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 计算OR门概率
     */
    private double calculateOrProbability(List<FaultEvent> events) {
        if (events.isEmpty()) {
            return 0.0;
        }

        double result = 0.0;
        for (int i = 0; i < events.size(); i++) {
            double term = events.get(i).getProbability();
            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                term *= (1.0 - events.get(j).getProbability());
            }
            result += term;
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 计算AND门概率
     */
    private double calculateAndProbability(List<FaultEvent> events) {
        return events.stream()
            .mapToDouble(FaultEvent::getProbability)
            .reduce(1.0, (a, b) -> a * b);
    }
}

五、问题解决与验证

5.1 解决方案制定

/**
 * 问题解决方案制定服务
 */
@Service
public class SolutionDesignService {

    @Autowired
    private SolutionTemplateService templateService;

    @Autowired
    private RiskAssessmentService riskAssessmentService;

    /**
     * 制定解决方案
     */
    public SolutionDesign designSolution(ProblemLocationResult locationResult, 
                                        List<RootCause> rootCauses) {
        SolutionDesign design = new SolutionDesign();

        try {
            // 1. 分析问题特征
            ProblemCharacteristics characteristics = analyzeProblemCharacteristics(locationResult);
            design.setCharacteristics(characteristics);

            // 2. 选择解决方案模板
            List<SolutionTemplate> templates = templateService.selectTemplates(characteristics);
            design.setTemplates(templates);

            // 3. 定制解决方案
            List<Solution> solutions = customizeSolutions(templates, rootCauses);
            design.setSolutions(solutions);

            // 4. 评估解决方案
            List<SolutionEvaluation> evaluations = evaluateSolutions(solutions);
            design.setEvaluations(evaluations);

            // 5. 选择最优解决方案
            Solution optimalSolution = selectOptimalSolution(evaluations);
            design.setOptimalSolution(optimalSolution);

            // 6. 制定实施计划
            ImplementationPlan plan = createImplementationPlan(optimalSolution);
            design.setImplementationPlan(plan);

            return design;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("解决方案制定失败", e);
            throw new SolutionDesignException("解决方案制定失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 分析问题特征
     */
    private ProblemCharacteristics analyzeProblemCharacteristics(ProblemLocationResult locationResult) {
        ProblemCharacteristics characteristics = new ProblemCharacteristics();

        // 分析问题类型
        if (locationResult.getLogAnalysis().hasErrors()) {
            characteristics.addType(ProblemType.ERROR);
        }
        if (locationResult.getPerformanceAnalysis().hasBottlenecks()) {
            characteristics.addType(ProblemType.PERFORMANCE);
        }
        if (locationResult.getTraceAnalysis().hasAbnormalTraces()) {
            characteristics.addType(ProblemType.AVAILABILITY);
        }

        // 分析影响范围
        characteristics.setScope(assessImpactScope(locationResult));

        // 分析紧急程度
        characteristics.setUrgency(assessUrgency(locationResult));

        // 分析复杂度
        characteristics.setComplexity(assessComplexity(locationResult));

        return characteristics;
    }

    /**
     * 定制解决方案
     */
    private List<Solution> customizeSolutions(List<SolutionTemplate> templates, 
                                            List<RootCause> rootCauses) {
        List<Solution> solutions = new ArrayList<>();

        for (SolutionTemplate template : templates) {
            Solution solution = new Solution();
            solution.setName(template.getName());
            solution.setDescription(template.getDescription());
            solution.setType(template.getType());

            // 基于根因定制解决方案
            List<SolutionStep> steps = customizeSolutionSteps(template.getSteps(), rootCauses);
            solution.setSteps(steps);

            // 计算解决方案成本
            double cost = calculateSolutionCost(steps);
            solution.setCost(cost);

            // 估算实施时间
            Duration duration = estimateImplementationTime(steps);
            solution.setDuration(duration);

            solutions.add(solution);
        }

        return solutions;
    }

    /**
     * 定制解决方案步骤
     */
    private List<SolutionStep> customizeSolutionSteps(List<SolutionStepTemplate> stepTemplates, 
                                                    List<RootCause> rootCauses) {
        List<SolutionStep> steps = new ArrayList<>();

        for (SolutionStepTemplate template : stepTemplates) {
            SolutionStep step = new SolutionStep();
            step.setName(template.getName());
            step.setDescription(template.getDescription());
            step.setOrder(template.getOrder());

            // 基于根因定制步骤
            List<String> actions = customizeStepActions(template.getActions(), rootCauses);
            step.setActions(actions);

            // 设置步骤依赖
            step.setDependencies(template.getDependencies());

            // 设置验证方法
            step.setValidationMethods(template.getValidationMethods());

            steps.add(step);
        }

        return steps;
    }

    /**
     * 评估解决方案
     */
    private List<SolutionEvaluation> evaluateSolutions(List<Solution> solutions) {
        List<SolutionEvaluation> evaluations = new ArrayList<>();

        for (Solution solution : solutions) {
            SolutionEvaluation evaluation = new SolutionEvaluation();
            evaluation.setSolution(solution);

            // 评估有效性
            double effectiveness = evaluateEffectiveness(solution);
            evaluation.setEffectiveness(effectiveness);

            // 评估可行性
            double feasibility = evaluateFeasibility(solution);
            evaluation.setFeasibility(feasibility);

            // 评估风险
            double risk = riskAssessmentService.assessRisk(solution);
            evaluation.setRisk(risk);

            // 评估成本效益
            double costBenefit = evaluateCostBenefit(solution);
            evaluation.setCostBenefit(costBenefit);

            // 计算综合评分
            double overallScore = calculateOverallScore(evaluation);
            evaluation.setOverallScore(overallScore);

            evaluations.add(evaluation);
        }

        return evaluations.stream()
            .sorted((e1, e2) -> Double.compare(e2.getOverallScore(), e1.getOverallScore()))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    /**
     * 评估有效性
     */
    private double evaluateEffectiveness(Solution solution) {
        // 基于解决方案类型和历史成功率评估
        double baseEffectiveness = 0.8; // 基础有效性

        // 根据解决方案复杂度调整
        if (solution.getSteps().size() > 5) {
            baseEffectiveness -= 0.1; // 复杂解决方案有效性降低
        }

        // 根据历史数据调整
        double historicalSuccessRate = getHistoricalSuccessRate(solution.getType());
        baseEffectiveness = (baseEffectiveness + historicalSuccessRate) / 2;

        return Math.max(0.0, Math.min(1.0, baseEffectiveness));
    }

    /**
     * 评估可行性
     */
    private double evaluateFeasibility(Solution solution) {
        double feasibility = 1.0;

        // 检查资源可用性
        if (!checkResourceAvailability(solution)) {
            feasibility -= 0.3;
        }

        // 检查技术可行性
        if (!checkTechnicalFeasibility(solution)) {
            feasibility -= 0.4;
        }

        // 检查时间可行性
        if (!checkTimeFeasibility(solution)) {
            feasibility -= 0.2;
        }

        return Math.max(0.0, feasibility);
    }

    /**
     * 评估成本效益
     */
    private double evaluateCostBenefit(Solution solution) {
        double cost = solution.getCost();
        double benefit = estimateSolutionBenefit(solution);

        if (cost == 0) {
            return benefit > 0 ? 1.0 : 0.0;
        }

        return Math.min(1.0, benefit / cost);
    }

    /**
     * 计算综合评分
     */
    private double calculateOverallScore(SolutionEvaluation evaluation) {
        double effectiveness = evaluation.getEffectiveness();
        double feasibility = evaluation.getFeasibility();
        double risk = evaluation.getRisk();
        double costBenefit = evaluation.getCostBenefit();

        // 加权计算综合评分
        return effectiveness * 0.3 + feasibility * 0.3 + 
               (1.0 - risk) * 0.2 + costBenefit * 0.2;
    }

    /**
     * 创建实施计划
     */
    private ImplementationPlan createImplementationPlan(Solution solution) {
        ImplementationPlan plan = new ImplementationPlan();
        plan.setSolution(solution);

        // 制定实施时间表
        List<ImplementationPhase> phases = createImplementationPhases(solution);
        plan.setPhases(phases);

        // 分配资源
        List<ResourceAllocation> allocations = allocateResources(phases);
        plan.setResourceAllocations(allocations);

        // 设置里程碑
        List<Milestone> milestones = createMilestones(phases);
        plan.setMilestones(milestones);

        // 设置风险控制措施
        List<RiskControlMeasure> riskControls = createRiskControls(solution);
        plan.setRiskControls(riskControls);

        return plan;
    }
}

5.2 解决方案验证

/**
 * 解决方案验证服务
 */
@Service
public class SolutionValidationService {

    @Autowired
    private TestingService testingService;

    @Autowired
    private MonitoringService monitoringService;

    /**
     * 验证解决方案
     */
    public ValidationResult validateSolution(Solution solution, ProblemContext context) {
        ValidationResult result = new ValidationResult();

        try {
            // 1. 预验证
            PreValidationResult preValidation = performPreValidation(solution);
            result.setPreValidation(preValidation);

            if (!preValidation.isPassed()) {
                result.setStatus(ValidationStatus.FAILED);
                result.setFailureReason(preValidation.getFailureReason());
                return result;
            }

            // 2. 测试环境验证
            TestValidationResult testValidation = performTestValidation(solution, context);
            result.setTestValidation(testValidation);

            if (!testValidation.isPassed()) {
                result.setStatus(ValidationStatus.FAILED);
                result.setFailureReason(testValidation.getFailureReason());
                return result;
            }

            // 3. 生产环境验证
            ProductionValidationResult prodValidation = performProductionValidation(solution, context);
            result.setProductionValidation(prodValidation);

            if (!prodValidation.isPassed()) {
                result.setStatus(ValidationStatus.FAILED);
                result.setFailureReason(prodValidation.getFailureReason());
                return result;
            }

            // 4. 综合验证结果
            result.setStatus(ValidationStatus.PASSED);
            result.setValidationScore(calculateValidationScore(result));

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("解决方案验证失败", e);
            result.setStatus(ValidationStatus.FAILED);
            result.setFailureReason("验证过程异常: " + e.getMessage());
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行预验证
     */
    private PreValidationResult performPreValidation(Solution solution) {
        PreValidationResult result = new PreValidationResult();

        try {
            // 1. 检查解决方案完整性
            boolean isComplete = checkSolutionCompleteness(solution);
            result.setCompletenessCheck(isComplete);

            // 2. 检查资源可用性
            boolean hasResources = checkResourceAvailability(solution);
            result.setResourceCheck(hasResources);

            // 3. 检查权限要求
            boolean hasPermissions = checkPermissionRequirements(solution);
            result.setPermissionCheck(hasPermissions);

            // 4. 检查依赖关系
            boolean dependenciesMet = checkDependencies(solution);
            result.setDependencyCheck(dependenciesMet);

            // 5. 综合预验证结果
            boolean passed = isComplete && hasResources && hasPermissions && dependenciesMet;
            result.setPassed(passed);

            if (!passed) {
                result.setFailureReason("预验证失败: 完整性=" + isComplete + 
                                      ", 资源=" + hasResources + 
                                      ", 权限=" + hasPermissions + 
                                      ", 依赖=" + dependenciesMet);
            }

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("预验证失败", e);
            result.setPassed(false);
            result.setFailureReason("预验证异常: " + e.getMessage());
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行测试环境验证
     */
    private TestValidationResult performTestValidation(Solution solution, ProblemContext context) {
        TestValidationResult result = new TestValidationResult();

        try {
            // 1. 部署到测试环境
            boolean deployed = deployToTestEnvironment(solution);
            result.setDeploymentSuccess(deployed);

            if (!deployed) {
                result.setPassed(false);
                result.setFailureReason("测试环境部署失败");
                return result;
            }

            // 2. 执行功能测试
            TestResult functionalTest = testingService.executeFunctionalTest(solution);
            result.setFunctionalTest(functionalTest);

            // 3. 执行性能测试
            TestResult performanceTest = testingService.executePerformanceTest(solution);
            result.setPerformanceTest(performanceTest);

            // 4. 执行压力测试
            TestResult stressTest = testingService.executeStressTest(solution);
            result.setStressTest(stressTest);

            // 5. 执行回归测试
            TestResult regressionTest = testingService.executeRegressionTest(solution);
            result.setRegressionTest(regressionTest);

            // 6. 综合测试结果
            boolean allTestsPassed = functionalTest.isPassed() && 
                                    performanceTest.isPassed() && 
                                    stressTest.isPassed() && 
                                    regressionTest.isPassed();

            result.setPassed(allTestsPassed);

            if (!allTestsPassed) {
                result.setFailureReason("测试验证失败: 功能=" + functionalTest.isPassed() + 
                                      ", 性能=" + performanceTest.isPassed() + 
                                      ", 压力=" + stressTest.isPassed() + 
                                      ", 回归=" + regressionTest.isPassed());
            }

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("测试验证失败", e);
            result.setPassed(false);
            result.setFailureReason("测试验证异常: " + e.getMessage());
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 执行生产环境验证
     */
    private ProductionValidationResult performProductionValidation(Solution solution, ProblemContext context) {
        ProductionValidationResult result = new ProductionValidationResult();

        try {
            // 1. 灰度发布
            boolean grayDeployment = performGrayDeployment(solution);
            result.setGrayDeploymentSuccess(grayDeployment);

            if (!grayDeployment) {
                result.setPassed(false);
                result.setFailureReason("灰度发布失败");
                return result;
            }

            // 2. 监控关键指标
            MonitoringResult monitoringResult = monitorKeyMetrics(solution, context);
            result.setMonitoringResult(monitoringResult);

            // 3. 验证问题解决
            boolean problemResolved = verifyProblemResolution(solution, context);
            result.setProblemResolved(problemResolved);

            // 4. 验证无副作用
            boolean noSideEffects = verifyNoSideEffects(solution, context);
            result.setNoSideEffects(noSideEffects);

            // 5. 综合生产验证结果
            boolean passed = grayDeployment && monitoringResult.isHealthy() && 
                           problemResolved && noSideEffects;

            result.setPassed(passed);

            if (!passed) {
                result.setFailureReason("生产验证失败: 灰度=" + grayDeployment + 
                                      ", 监控=" + monitoringResult.isHealthy() + 
                                      ", 问题解决=" + problemResolved + 
                                      ", 无副作用=" + noSideEffects);
            }

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("生产验证失败", e);
            result.setPassed(false);
            result.setFailureReason("生产验证异常: " + e.getMessage());
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 监控关键指标
     */
    private MonitoringResult monitorKeyMetrics(Solution solution, ProblemContext context) {
        MonitoringResult result = new MonitoringResult();

        try {
            // 1. 监控系统指标
            SystemMetrics systemMetrics = monitoringService.collectSystemMetrics();
            result.setSystemMetrics(systemMetrics);

            // 2. 监控业务指标
            BusinessMetrics businessMetrics = monitoringService.collectBusinessMetrics();
            result.setBusinessMetrics(businessMetrics);

            // 3. 监控错误率
            ErrorRate errorRate = monitoringService.collectErrorRate();
            result.setErrorRate(errorRate);

            // 4. 监控响应时间
            ResponseTime responseTime = monitoringService.collectResponseTime();
            result.setResponseTime(responseTime);

            // 5. 判断监控健康状态
            boolean isHealthy = assessMonitoringHealth(result);
            result.setHealthy(isHealthy);

            return result;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("监控关键指标失败", e);
            result.setHealthy(false);
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证问题解决
     */
    private boolean verifyProblemResolution(Solution solution, ProblemContext context) {
        try {
            // 1. 检查原始问题是否解决
            boolean originalProblemResolved = checkOriginalProblemResolution(context);

            // 2. 检查相关指标是否恢复正常
            boolean metricsNormalized = checkMetricsNormalization(context);

            // 3. 检查用户体验是否改善
            boolean userExperienceImproved = checkUserExperienceImprovement(context);

            return originalProblemResolved && metricsNormalized && userExperienceImproved;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("验证问题解决失败", e);
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 验证无副作用
     */
    private boolean verifyNoSideEffects(Solution solution, ProblemContext context) {
        try {
            // 1. 检查是否有新的错误
            boolean noNewErrors = checkNoNewErrors(context);

            // 2. 检查性能是否下降
            boolean noPerformanceDegradation = checkNoPerformanceDegradation(context);

            // 3. 检查功能是否正常
            boolean noFunctionalIssues = checkNoFunctionalIssues(context);

            return noNewErrors && noPerformanceDegradation && noFunctionalIssues;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("验证无副作用失败", e);
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 计算验证评分
     */
    private double calculateValidationScore(ValidationResult result) {
        double score = 0.0;

        // 预验证权重 20%
        if (result.getPreValidation().isPassed()) {
            score += 0.2;
        }

        // 测试验证权重 40%
        if (result.getTestValidation().isPassed()) {
            score += 0.4;
        }

        // 生产验证权重 40%
        if (result.getProductionValidation().isPassed()) {
            score += 0.4;
        }

        return score;
    }
}

六、企业级故障排查体系

6.1 故障排查流程标准化

/**
 * 故障排查流程标准化服务
 */
@Service
public class FaultTroubleshootingStandardizationService {

    @Autowired
    private ProcessTemplateService processTemplateService;

    @Autowired
    private ChecklistService checklistService;

    /**
     * 标准化故障排查流程
     */
    public StandardizedProcess standardizeFaultTroubleshooting(ProblemType problemType) {
        StandardizedProcess process = new StandardizedProcess();

        try {
            // 1. 选择流程模板
            ProcessTemplate template = processTemplateService.selectTemplate(problemType);
            process.setTemplate(template);

            // 2. 创建标准步骤
            List<StandardStep> steps = createStandardSteps(template);
            process.setSteps(steps);

            // 3. 创建检查清单
            List<Checklist> checklists = checklistService.createChecklists(problemType);
            process.setChecklists(checklists);

            // 4. 设置时间限制
            Map<String, Duration> timeLimits = setTimeLimits(steps);
            process.setTimeLimits(timeLimits);

            // 5. 设置升级条件
            List<EscalationCondition> escalationConditions = setEscalationConditions();
            process.setEscalationConditions(escalationConditions);

            // 6. 设置质量检查点
            List<QualityCheckpoint> qualityCheckpoints = setQualityCheckpoints(steps);
            process.setQualityCheckpoints(qualityCheckpoints);

            return process;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("故障排查流程标准化失败", e);
            throw new ProcessStandardizationException("故障排查流程标准化失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建标准步骤
     */
    private List<StandardStep> createStandardSteps(ProcessTemplate template) {
        List<StandardStep> steps = new ArrayList<>();

        // 1. 问题确认步骤
        StandardStep confirmStep = new StandardStep();
        confirmStep.setId("CONFIRM_PROBLEM");
        confirmStep.setName("问题确认");
        confirmStep.setDescription("确认问题现象和影响范围");
        confirmStep.setOrder(1);
        confirmStep.setTimeLimit(Duration.ofMinutes(5));
        confirmStep.setRequired(true);
        steps.add(confirmStep);

        // 2. 信息收集步骤
        StandardStep collectStep = new StandardStep();
        collectStep.setId("COLLECT_INFO");
        collectStep.setName("信息收集");
        collectStep.setDescription("收集相关日志、监控数据和系统信息");
        collectStep.setOrder(2);
        collectStep.setTimeLimit(Duration.ofMinutes(10));
        collectStep.setRequired(true);
        steps.add(collectStep);

        // 3. 问题定位步骤
        StandardStep locateStep = new StandardStep();
        locateStep.setId("LOCATE_PROBLEM");
        locateStep.setName("问题定位");
        locateStep.setDescription("分析收集的信息，定位问题根因");
        locateStep.setOrder(3);
        locateStep.setTimeLimit(Duration.ofMinutes(15));
        locateStep.setRequired(true);
        steps.add(locateStep);

        // 4. 解决方案制定步骤
        StandardStep solutionStep = new StandardStep();
        solutionStep.setId("DESIGN_SOLUTION");
        solutionStep.setName("解决方案制定");
        solutionStep.setDescription("制定问题解决方案");
        solutionStep.setOrder(4);
        solutionStep.setTimeLimit(Duration.ofMinutes(10));
        solutionStep.setRequired(true);
        steps.add(solutionStep);

        // 5. 方案实施步骤
        StandardStep implementStep = new StandardStep();
        implementStep.setId("IMPLEMENT_SOLUTION");
        implementStep.setName("方案实施");
        implementStep.setDescription("实施解决方案");
        implementStep.setOrder(5);
        implementStep.setTimeLimit(Duration.ofMinutes(20));
        implementStep.setRequired(true);
        steps.add(implementStep);

        // 6. 验证修复步骤
        StandardStep verifyStep = new StandardStep();
        verifyStep.setId("VERIFY_FIX");
        verifyStep.setName("验证修复");
        verifyStep.setDescription("验证问题是否解决");
        verifyStep.setOrder(6);
        verifyStep.setTimeLimit(Duration.ofMinutes(5));
        verifyStep.setRequired(true);
        steps.add(verifyStep);

        // 7. 总结复盘步骤
        StandardStep summaryStep = new StandardStep();
        summaryStep.setId("SUMMARY_REVIEW");
        summaryStep.setName("总结复盘");
        summaryStep.setDescription("总结问题处理过程和经验教训");
        summaryStep.setOrder(7);
        summaryStep.setTimeLimit(Duration.ofMinutes(10));
        summaryStep.setRequired(false);
        steps.add(summaryStep);

        return steps;
    }

    /**
     * 设置升级条件
     */
    private List<EscalationCondition> setEscalationConditions() {
        List<EscalationCondition> conditions = new ArrayList<>();

        // 时间升级条件
        EscalationCondition timeCondition = new EscalationCondition();
        timeCondition.setType(EscalationType.TIME);
        timeCondition.setThreshold(Duration.ofMinutes(30));
        timeCondition.setAction("升级到高级工程师");
        conditions.add(timeCondition);

        // 影响范围升级条件
        EscalationCondition impactCondition = new EscalationCondition();
        impactCondition.setType(EscalationType.IMPACT);
        impactCondition.setThreshold(1000); // 影响用户数
        impactCondition.setAction("升级到技术负责人");
        conditions.add(impactCondition);

        // 严重程度升级条件
        EscalationCondition severityCondition = new EscalationCondition();
        severityCondition.setType(EscalationType.SEVERITY);
        severityCondition.setThreshold(Severity.HIGH);
        severityCondition.setAction("升级到架构师");
        conditions.add(severityCondition);

        return conditions;
    }

    /**
     * 设置质量检查点
     */
    private List<QualityCheckpoint> setQualityCheckpoints(List<StandardStep> steps) {
        List<QualityCheckpoint> checkpoints = new ArrayList<>();

        // 问题定位质量检查点
        QualityCheckpoint locationCheckpoint = new QualityCheckpoint();
        locationCheckpoint.setStepId("LOCATE_PROBLEM");
        locationCheckpoint.setName("问题定位质量检查");
        locationCheckpoint.setDescription("检查问题定位的准确性和完整性");
        locationCheckpoint.setCriteria(Arrays.asList(
            "问题根因是否明确",
            "影响范围是否清楚",
            "相关证据是否充分"
        ));
        checkpoints.add(locationCheckpoint);

        // 解决方案质量检查点
        QualityCheckpoint solutionCheckpoint = new QualityCheckpoint();
        solutionCheckpoint.setStepId("DESIGN_SOLUTION");
        solutionCheckpoint.setName("解决方案质量检查");
        solutionCheckpoint.setDescription("检查解决方案的合理性和可行性");
        solutionCheckpoint.setCriteria(Arrays.asList(
            "解决方案是否针对根因",
            "实施风险是否可控",
            "回滚方案是否完备"
        ));
        checkpoints.add(solutionCheckpoint);

        return checkpoints;
    }
}

6.2 知识库与经验积累

/**
 * 故障排查知识库服务
 */
@Service
public class TroubleshootingKnowledgeBaseService {

    @Autowired
    private KnowledgeRepository knowledgeRepository;

    @Autowired
    private CaseAnalysisService caseAnalysisService;

    /**
     * 构建知识库
     */
    public KnowledgeBase buildKnowledgeBase() {
        KnowledgeBase knowledgeBase = new KnowledgeBase();

        try {
            // 1. 收集历史案例
            List<HistoricalCase> historicalCases = collectHistoricalCases();
            knowledgeBase.setHistoricalCases(historicalCases);

            // 2. 分析案例模式
            List<CasePattern> casePatterns = analyzeCasePatterns(historicalCases);
            knowledgeBase.setCasePatterns(casePatterns);

            // 3. 提取最佳实践
            List<BestPractice> bestPractices = extractBestPractices(historicalCases);
            knowledgeBase.setBestPractices(bestPractices);

            // 4. 构建解决方案库
            List<SolutionTemplate> solutionTemplates = buildSolutionTemplates(casePatterns);
            knowledgeBase.setSolutionTemplates(solutionTemplates);

            // 5. 构建检查清单库
            List<ChecklistTemplate> checklistTemplates = buildChecklistTemplates(casePatterns);
            knowledgeBase.setChecklistTemplates(checklistTemplates);

            // 6. 构建工具库
            List<TroubleshootingTool> tools = buildToolLibrary();
            knowledgeBase.setTools(tools);

            return knowledgeBase;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("知识库构建失败", e);
            throw new KnowledgeBaseException("知识库构建失败", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 收集历史案例
     */
    private List<HistoricalCase> collectHistoricalCases() {
        return knowledgeRepository.findAllHistoricalCases();
    }

    /**
     * 分析案例模式
     */
    private List<CasePattern> analyzeCasePatterns(List<HistoricalCase> cases) {
        List<CasePattern> patterns = new ArrayList<>();

        // 按问题类型分组
        Map<ProblemType, List<HistoricalCase>> groupedCases = cases.stream()
            .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(HistoricalCase::getProblemType));

        for (Map.Entry<ProblemType, List<HistoricalCase>> entry : groupedCases.entrySet()) {
            ProblemType problemType = entry.getKey();
            List<HistoricalCase> typeCases = entry.getValue();

            CasePattern pattern = new CasePattern();
            pattern.setProblemType(problemType);
            pattern.setCaseCount(typeCases.size());

            // 分析共同特征
            List<String> commonFeatures = analyzeCommonFeatures(typeCases);
            pattern.setCommonFeatures(commonFeatures);

            // 分析常见根因
            List<String> commonRootCauses = analyzeCommonRootCauses(typeCases);
            pattern.setCommonRootCauses(commonRootCauses);

            // 分析有效解决方案
            List<String> effectiveSolutions = analyzeEffectiveSolutions(typeCases);
            pattern.setEffectiveSolutions(effectiveSolutions);

            // 分析平均解决时间
            double averageResolutionTime = calculateAverageResolutionTime(typeCases);
            pattern.setAverageResolutionTime(averageResolutionTime);

            patterns.add(pattern);
        }

        return patterns;
    }

    /**
     * 提取最佳实践
     */
    private List<BestPractice> extractBestPractices(List<HistoricalCase> cases) {
        List<BestPractice> practices = new ArrayList<>();

        // 分析成功案例的共同特点
        List<HistoricalCase> successfulCases = cases.stream()
            .filter(case -> case.getResolutionTime() < Duration.ofHours(1))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

        for (HistoricalCase successfulCase : successfulCases) {
            BestPractice practice = new BestPractice();
            practice.setProblemType(successfulCase.getProblemType());
            practice.setDescription(successfulCase.getResolutionDescription());
            practice.setEffectiveness(successfulCase.getEffectiveness());
            practice.setApplicability(successfulCase.getApplicability());
            practices.add(practice);
        }

        return practices.stream()
            .sorted((p1, p2) -> Double.compare(p2.getEffectiveness(), p1.getEffectiveness()))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    /**
     * 构建解决方案模板
     */
    private List<SolutionTemplate> buildSolutionTemplates(List<CasePattern> patterns) {
        List<SolutionTemplate> templates = new ArrayList<>();

        for (CasePattern pattern : patterns) {
            SolutionTemplate template = new SolutionTemplate();
            template.setProblemType(pattern.getProblemType());
            template.setName(pattern.getProblemType().getName() + "解决方案模板");
            template.setDescription("基于" + pattern.getCaseCount() + "个历史案例总结的解决方案");

            // 构建解决方案步骤
            List<SolutionStepTemplate> steps = buildSolutionSteps(pattern);
            template.setSteps(steps);

            // 设置预期效果
            template.setExpectedEffectiveness(pattern.getAverageResolutionTime());

            templates.add(template);
        }

        return templates;
    }

    /**
     * 构建解决方案步骤
     */
    private List<SolutionStepTemplate> buildSolutionSteps(CasePattern pattern) {
        List<SolutionStepTemplate> steps = new ArrayList<>();

        // 基于常见根因构建步骤
        for (String rootCause : pattern.getCommonRootCauses()) {
            SolutionStepTemplate step = new SolutionStepTemplate();
            step.setName("处理" + rootCause);
            step.setDescription("针对" + rootCause + "的处理步骤");
            step.setOrder(steps.size() + 1);

            // 基于有效解决方案设置动作
            List<String> actions = pattern.getEffectiveSolutions().stream()
                .filter(solution -> solution.contains(rootCause))
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
            step.setActions(actions);

            steps.add(step);
        }

        return steps;
    }

    /**
     * 构建检查清单模板
     */
    private List<ChecklistTemplate> buildChecklistTemplates(List<CasePattern> patterns) {
        List<ChecklistTemplate> templates = new ArrayList<>();

        for (CasePattern pattern : patterns) {
            ChecklistTemplate template = new ChecklistTemplate();
            template.setProblemType(pattern.getProblemType());
            template.setName(pattern.getProblemType().getName() + "检查清单");

            // 基于共同特征构建检查项
            List<ChecklistItem> items = new ArrayList<>();
            for (String feature : pattern.getCommonFeatures()) {
                ChecklistItem item = new ChecklistItem();
                item.setDescription("检查" + feature);
                item.setRequired(true);
                items.add(item);
            }

            template.setItems(items);
            templates.add(template);
        }

        return templates;
    }

    /**
     * 构建工具库
     */
    private List<TroubleshootingTool> buildToolLibrary() {
        List<TroubleshootingTool> tools = new ArrayList<>();

        // 日志分析工具
        TroubleshootingTool logTool = new TroubleshootingTool();
        logTool.setName("日志分析工具");
        logTool.setDescription("用于分析系统日志，识别错误和异常");
        logTool.setCategory(ToolCategory.LOG_ANALYSIS);
        logTool.setUsage("分析错误日志、异常堆栈、性能日志");
        tools.add(logTool);

        // 性能监控工具
        TroubleshootingTool perfTool = new TroubleshootingTool();
        perfTool.setName("性能监控工具");
        perfTool.setDescription("用于监控系统性能指标");
        perfTool.setCategory(ToolCategory.PERFORMANCE_MONITORING);
        perfTool.setUsage("监控CPU、内存、磁盘、网络使用率");
        tools.add(perfTool);

        // 链路追踪工具
        TroubleshootingTool traceTool = new TroubleshootingTool();
        traceTool.setName("链路追踪工具");
        traceTool.setDescription("用于追踪请求调用链路");
        traceTool.setCategory(ToolCategory.TRACE_ANALYSIS);
        traceTool.setUsage("分析请求调用路径、性能瓶颈");
        tools.add(traceTool);

        // 数据库分析工具
        TroubleshootingTool dbTool = new TroubleshootingTool();
        dbTool.setName("数据库分析工具");
        dbTool.setDescription("用于分析数据库性能问题");
        dbTool.setCategory(ToolCategory.DATABASE_ANALYSIS);
        dbTool.setUsage("分析慢查询、锁等待、死锁");
        tools.add(dbTool);

        return tools;
    }
}

七、最佳实践与总结

7.1 线上问题排查最佳实践

建立系统化排查流程
- 标准化问题分类和优先级
- 建立完整的排查步骤和检查清单
- 设置时间限制和升级条件
完善监控和告警体系
- 建立多层次的监控体系
- 设置合理的告警阈值
- 实现智能告警和降噪
积累知识和经验
- 建立故障案例库
- 总结最佳实践
- 持续改进排查流程
提升团队能力
- 定期进行故障演练
- 分享排查经验
- 建立知识传承机制

7.2 架构师级排查技能

系统性思维
- 从全局角度分析问题
- 理解系统架构和依赖关系
- 识别问题的根本原因
快速定位能力
- 熟练使用各种排查工具
- 掌握高效的排查方法
- 具备敏锐的问题嗅觉
解决方案设计
- 制定合理的解决方案
- 评估方案的风险和收益
- 确保方案的可行性
团队协作能力
- 有效沟通问题状况
- 协调各方资源
- 指导团队解决问题

7.3 持续改进建议

建立反馈机制
- 收集问题处理反馈
- 分析处理效果
- 持续优化流程
技术能力提升
- 学习新的排查技术
- 掌握新的工具和方法
- 跟上技术发展趋势
知识管理
- 建立知识库
- 分享经验教训
- 形成团队知识资产

总结

线上问题排查是架构师的核心技能之一，通过系统化的问题排查思路、高效的定位方法和完善的解决方案，能够快速识别和解决线上问题，确保系统的高可用性。本文从问题排查思路到根因分析，从基础方法到企业级实践，系统梳理了线上问题排查的完整解决方案。

关键要点：

系统化排查流程：标准化的问题分类、定位和解决流程
高效定位方法：日志分析、性能监控、链路追踪等综合手段
根因分析技术：5Why分析、故障树分析等科学方法
企业级实践：知识库建设、流程标准化、团队能力提升

通过深入理解这些技术要点，架构师能够建立完善的故障排查体系，提升问题处理效率，确保企业级应用的稳定运行。